Thursday, September 24, 2009

The Burial Ground of Empires.



"When you're wounded and left on Afghanistan's plains, and the women come out to cut up what remains, jest roll to your rifle and blow out your brains and go to your gawd like a soldier."

Rudyard Kipling.


My mother loved to read
and was a truly incurable romantic. She loved Rudyard Kipling's Kim, still in print more than a century after its first publication. She named my brother after the main character because she hoped he would enjoy travelling and seeing the world. This character, Kimball O'Hara, is actually a British agent, and surely one of the youngest agents in the field. It is a really good book, very enjoyable and surprisingly pertinent.
We have drained the proverbial swamp and are now up to our ass in alligators. (Good saying for Florida but not going to mean much in Pashto.) Let's look at this ancient land so rich in history and so front and center in our war on terror. Some back round and more on the book, Kim:

"Rudyard Kipling was the first to chronicle the treacherous and often clandestine exploits of the subcontinent's so-called Great Game. A century later, the West should heed his advice and exercise 'extreme caution before contemplating an extended plunge into the Afghan morass'
It was published exactly 100 years ago, in the fall of 1901, but it is hard to imagine any work of fiction as bitterly relevant today -- in the second half of September, 2001 -- as Kim, Rudyard Kipling's masterpiece. Too easily dismissed as an artifact of patronizing "Orientalism," Kim is not only "the finest novel in the English language with an Indian theme," according to Bengali scholar Nirad Chaudhuri, "but also one of the greatest of English novels in spite of the theme." But that theme could not be more contemporary: Kim tells of the Great Game, the secret war an otherwise peace-loving British raj conducted against sinister forces of disorder located across the northern passes -- in Afghanistan, to be precise. Equally contemporary -- almost heartbreaking in the aftermath of last week's terror -- is the Lahore-born author's brilliant portrayal of the precious Indian civilization that needs protection: a gloriously diverse, ecumenical society supported by deep traditions of religious and social tolerance, yet tragically vulnerable. Suddenly, Kipling's striking effort to imagine a humane imperialism -- to honour his beloved India in the name of the raj -- does not seem so quaint. Kim has always been more influential as a political, rather than a literary, work. Anti-imperialists will not be surprised to learn that Allen Dulles, director of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency during the height of the Cold War, revered Kim and died with a well-thumbed copy at his bedside. The Great Game that Kipling immortalized, pitting Russia against Britain in an extraordinary clandestine struggle that swept across Central Asia throughout the 19th century, flowed seamlessly into the secret war that Dulles led, with all its geopolitical fallacies intact. The buoyant, archaically noble spirit of Kim transformed easily into the beau ideal of the early CIA.
"



Alexander of Macedon invaded Afghanistan
after defeating and killing the Persian emperor, Darius, and assuming his crown in 330 BC. He fought his hardest campaigns in Afghanistan but met Rokhsana (Roxanne) there. She was the daughter of a local Afghan chief. From there Alexander went on to invade India, where he was injured. He died in Baluchistan on the way back to Afghanistan and Roxanne. Alexander was only 32 years old when he died. After his death Roxanne and her young son were murdered by insurgent Afghans.



In 1220 AD Genghis Khan
, the megalomaniac formerly known as Timujin of the Mongols, invaded Afghanistan with an army of 220,000 warriors. Undeterred by the massive size of the invading army the locals fought him for five years. Finally, after the death in battle of one of his sons, Genghis Khan laid waste the land of the Afghans. Ironically, he ended a flourishing culture and erased many cities and monuments. Genghis Khan died at the age of 72 years in 1226 AD. His body was carried back to his homeland and buried in a hidden place. Recently archaeologists believe they may have found the grave.



Ahmad Shah Baba ruled Afghanistan
as its first king selected by the elders and leaders of the Pashto speaking elements. He changed his name to Abdali Durrani. He ruled with the help of elders and chiefs until his death in 1772. His realm grew to be larger than present day Afghanistan.



In 1833 and again in 1839 the British fought in Afghanistan
. There interests were primarily standing down Russia which was influencing Iran. This was hot war/cold war and it was termed The Great Game. Britain aimed at regime change. Britain expended large sums of money and tied up armies for decades.



The Afghans experimented with different forms of government
always with the Loya Jirga or council of elders and chiefs. There were periods of liberalism and of crack down. Finally Marxists made inroads and on Christmas of 1979 Soviet troops invaded to install Babrak Karmal.



This effort went smoothly at first
but the Soviet army met furious resistance and the conflict soon developed into a Soviet version of America's Vietnam. The cost to the USSR was mammoth. Another grave for another empire.



In 1992 a former mujahid, village mullah and head of the local madrassa
, Mullah Mohammad Omar, gathered mujahidin and former students around himself and formed the group who called themselves taliban, for seekers of knowledge. The Taliban began a series of attacks on notorious warlords and established their near mythic reputation. They had a target rich environment--lots of despicable warlords to attack and defeat. Pakistan recognized the rule of the Taliban as the legitimate government of the country in May, 1997. Saudi Arabia followed soon thereafter.



By the middle of 2000 Osama bin Laden
was the Taliban paymaster. His agents attacked Ahmad Shah Masood September 9, 2001, in a most cowardly way posing as newsmen with a bomb laden camera. Masood died September 10, 2001.
The following day Osama bin Laden's suicide pilots flew into the Twin Trade Towers in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, DC. A third target was either the Capitol Building or the White House but was foiled by courageous, unarmed passengers on the plane.



It is understandable that our president targeted Afghanistan in the War on Terror following the attacks on New York City and Washington, DC.
Why Iraq was chosen we might never know. It must have appeared worthwhile at the time.


The two theaters of war are going to cost us more than we can afford
. We are no longer defending the homeland. We have effected regime change in both countries. We swore we would not engage in nation building, and could not have chosen two less auspicious countries for such a venture. There are now democratically elected governments in both nations and that is more than can be said for the Muslim world in general or the neighborhood in particular. Let's look at costs:


War costs may total $2.4 trillion

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By Ken Dilanian, USA TODAY
WASHINGTON — The cost of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan could total $2.4 trillion through the next decade, or nearly $8,000 per man, woman and child in the country, according to a Congressional Budget Office estimate scheduled for release Wednesday.
A previous CBO estimate put the wars' costs at more than $1.6 trillion. This one adds $705 billion in interest, taking into account that the conflicts are being funded with borrowed money.
The new estimate also includes President Bush's request Monday for another $46 billion in war funding, said Rep. John Spratt, D-S.C., budget committee chairman, who provided the CBO's new numbers to USA TODAY.
Assuming that Iraq accounts for about 80% of that total, the Iraq war would cost $1.9 trillion, including $564 billion in interest, said Thomas Kahn, Spratt's staff director. The committee holds a hearing on war costs this morning.
"The number is so big, it boggles the mind," said Rep. Rahm Emanuel, D-Ill.
Sean Kevelighan, a spokesman for the White House budget office, said, "Congress should stop playing politics with our troops by trying to artificially inflate war funding levels." He declined to provide a White House estimate.
The CBO estimates assume that 75,000 troops will remain in both countries through 2017, including roughly 50,000 in Iraq. That is a "very speculative" projection, though it's not entirely unreasonable, said Loren Thompson, a defense analyst at the non-partisan Lexington Institute.
As of Sept. 30, the two wars have cost $604 billion, the CBO says. Adjusted for inflation, that is higher than the costs of the Korea and Vietnam conflicts, according to the Washington-based Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments.
Defense spending during those two wars accounted for a far larger share of the American economy.
In the months before the March 2003 Iraq invasion, the Bush administration estimated the Iraq war would cost no more than $50 billion.

S

http://www.usatoday.com/news/military/2007-10-23-wacosts_N.htm


Where to next for the USA in Afghanistan? The graveyard of empires is going to claim another victim, or so it would appear. Our courageous soldiers and dedicated generals and superior technology are not going to make a peaceful and productive nation of Afghanistan. Look closely at the history of this land. It would take a very brutal central rule fully accepted by the council of elders and chiefs, fully backed by the might of the US Armed Forces, and financed for the duration. Short answer: declare victory and leave with honor. The ugly rule of the Taliban is ended. A democratically elected government is in its place. The land is as pacified as it has ever been. Anyone who wishes to live in peace and harmony has already left or is planning on doing so soon. This is a graveyard and we should leave it before we are interred in it. Save our brave warriors for a more worthy cause. Save our treasury for a more fitting use. Save the Afghan people who fight much better than they govern or farm or manufacture.


Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.
George Santayana


REREAD THE BOOK OF CHANGE







The iconic business book "Who Moved My Cheese?" is all about adapting to change. We might need to reread it as preparation for what is to come in Health Care in America. The electorate gave Obama a mandate for change, at least as he and the mainstream media in our country see it. The change that is coming was change, NOS--change, not otherwise specified. We the people bought a pig in a poke.

We will need to adapt to many changes that are coming. Most of these changes will not be on account of our new president and his congress. But he fact that America is fast becoming a socialist society, where government is the biggest employer in the land, is his doing. If this socialism is being constructed along the lines of National Socialism meets Mandarin Meritocracy (read Ivy League elite politicians and bureaucrats will attempt to run America and everything in it), our nation is about to break the sound barrier of social change. This is going to produce a shock wave. It's not going to feel good or look pretty.



Toll the bell for the death of Christian America. Unless you hate Christian America, in which case break out the champagne. And mourn the loss of our Judeo-Christian culture with its peculiar and unique melange of values, mores, ethics, hopes and aspirations. And say good bye to the Protestant work ethic, too, along with love thy neighbor as thyself, and the sacredness of life, and so much more. Secular humanism might be secular but it is hardly humane. Differential valuation of individual human lives according to productivity for the society at large, those who consume more care than they give will be valued low, and those who give nothing will have no value. Their lives will be forfeit to the state. Read the writings and opinions of Ezechiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, who is the chief advisor to Obama for Health Care Details, and Bioethics. See what you make of his ethics. Imagine what he is recommending to his Chief.



Nations have travelled this road before. When life in general and human life in particular is not sacred, every American is in jeopardy. Most especially those who have special needs. Asian Indian sages have observed that cultures can be judged by how they treat the cow. She is the most gentle, forgiving, pleasant, patient, and productive of animals. She is not so much sacred in India as revered and appreciated. Contrast that with our slaughter houses and feed lots. In particular, look at kosher butchery. Look at how the cow is treated in kosher slaughter--if you can stand to look at that.


Life is sacred. It is not a question of whether the challenged, weak, infirm, and elderly among us are worthy of our love and care, but of whether we are good enough to know it. Abortion is rightly viewed as a private matter between a woman and her doctor. But it is hardly something to celebrate. Secular humanism celebrates abortion and will defend the right to extinguish human life even when the fetus is term and viable--what do you think late term abortion means? Who was the most recent martyr for the cause of terminating human life in late term pregnancy? He was a major supporter of HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius, our present head of Health and Human Services. Those who are overhauling our medical system do not represent diversity of beliefs or values in this matter. They are a group for whom life is not particularly or intrinsically sacred. Read the ethicist-in-chief for his views. See my post on Ezechiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD.



It is camp to denigrate Roman Catholicism
. The Church is one of very few things that one can lampoon these, politically correct days. But the Church stood up against murderous thugs who were in power in Germany. (Under the pope that some who call themselves historians (but who lack the fairness and objectivity of the historian), labelled Hitler's pope no less.) Check this out, please:

http://www.shoaheducation.com/t4.html: Bishop Galen and the Outcry Against T-4.

"During WWII, the Catholic Church had far more latitude than other denominations partly because many of the higher echelon of the Nazis had been raised Catholic or still were, and because at least half or more of the Catholic Clergy supported the new regime, which had initial but then wavering favor with the Vatican. The Wehrmacht saw many Catholic young men joining the ranks, in a 'God and Country' spirit during the early years as well. A few persons though, noted throughout that time, that the new Regime was not in accord with basic Christian and Catholic principles, and Catholic leaders such as Preysing, the Bishop of Berlin and Galen, stood against Nazi Racial Policies from the beginning, while others such as Faulhaber from Munich, supported and even hosted gala birthday parties for Hitler.
Catholic Clergy who opposed Hitler's policies often risked their lives as did those from other Christian denominations and some were imprisoned and killed. Notably, Galen, early wrote in vehement opposition to the policies of the T-4 Program in the massive State Killing of Innocents. It was one of his homilies which Sophie and Hans Scholl and the White Rose printed into pamphlets, distributing them at the University of Munich. The pamphlet called for the immediate end to the killings, leaning on traditional and contemporary Catholic doctrine. It was among the literature for which the Scholls and other members of the White Rose were tried, convicted and guillotined."


Whether neoatheists like it or not
, the Catholic Church stood up to bullies and still does. Something tells me that popular as they are, Dawkins, Harris, and Hitchens are not about to risk the guillotine for any cause or any persons. I think they are all talk. Please see my post on this subject if you have time. As far as our elected leadership goes, I don't so much worry that they will not stand up to bullies as that they are the bullies
.




This is from The Irish Independent, October 30, 1999), and shows a fetal hand grasping the finger of his in-utero surgeon who is going to repair the defects of spina bifida and then put him back in the uterus for a few more months of gestation.

"Take a good look at this picture. It's one of the most remarkable photographs ever taken. The tiny hand of a foetus reaches out from a mother's womb to clasp a surgeon's healing finger. It is, by the way, 21 weeks old, an age at which it could still be legally aborted. The tiny hand in the picture above belongs to a baby which is due to be born on December 28. It was taken during an operation in America recently."


A human fetus is a human
. And any society that applauds the termination of human life in not humane. Whether it's Muslim ululation in response to an American or Israeli tragedy or NOW rejoicing in yet another victory over their right-to-life opponents. Yes, I grant that our laws protect the killing of the not yet born, and that it is better to have this be a private matter between a woman and her doctor than put government and law and order in between the two. But it does not sanctify abortion or make it less reprehensible. Kosher butchery is legal, too. But it is reprehensible. Doubt me on this one? Check it out yourself. The point of this is not to change established law of the land or make legal illegal. The point is to know that our society must tread carefully in the Great Health Care debate. Others before us have gone down an ill chosen path.


"EUTHANASIA" KILLINGS

"Forced sterilization in Germany was the forerunner of the systematic killing of the mentally ill and the handicapped. In October 1939, Hitler himself initiated a decree which empowered physicians to grant a "mercy death" to "patients considered incurable according to the best available human judgment of their state of health." The intent of the so called "euthanasia" program, however, was not to relieve the suffering of the chronically ill. The Nazi regime used the term as a euphemism: its aim was to exterminate the mentally ill and the handicapped, thus "cleansing" the "Aryan" race of persons considered genetically defective and a financial burden to society.

The idea of killing the incurably ill was posed well before 1939. In the 1920s, debate on this issue centered on a book coauthored by Alfred Hoche, a noted psychiatrist, and Karl Binding, a prominent scholar of criminal law. They argued that economic savings justified the killing of "useless lives" ("idiots" and "congenitally crippled"). Economic deprivation during World War I provided the context for this idea. During the war, patients in asylums had ranked low on the list for rationing of food and medical supplies, and as a result, many died from starvation or disease. More generally, the war undermined the value attached to individual life and, combined with Germany's humiliating defeat, led many nationalists to consider ways to regenerate the nation as a whole at the expense of individual rights.

In 1935 Hitler stated privately that "in the event of war, [he] would take up the question of euthanasia and enforce it" because "such a problem would be more easily solved" during wartime. War would provide both a cover for killing and a pretext--hospital beds and medical personnel would be freed up for the war effort. The upheaval of war and the diminished value of human life during wartime would also, Hitler believed, mute expected opposition. To make the connection to the war explicit, Hitler's decree was backdated to September 1, 1939, the day Germany invaded Poland.

Fearful of public reaction, the Nazi regime never proposed a formal "euthanasia" law. Unlike the forced sterilizations, the killing of patients in mental asylums and other institutions was carried out in secrecy. The code name was "Operation T4," a reference to Tiergartenstrasse 4, the address of the Berlin Chancellery offices where the program was headquartered.

Physicians, the most highly Nazified professional group in Germany, were key to the success of "T-4," since they organized and carried out nearly, all aspects of the operation. One of Hitler's personal physicians, Dr. Karl Brandt, headed the program, along with Hitler's Chancellery chief, Philip Bouhler. T-4 targeted adult patients in all government or church-run sanatoria and nursing homes. These institutions were instructed by the Interior Ministry to collect questionnaires about the state of health and capacity for work of all their patients, ostensibly as part of a statistical survey.

The completed forms were, in turn, sent to expert assessors physicians, usually psychiatrists, who made up "review commissions." They marked each name with a "+," in red pencil, meaning death, or a "" in blue pencil, meaning life, or "?" for cases needing additional assessment. These medical experts rarely examined any of the patients and made their decisions from the questionnaires alone. At every step, the medical authorities involved were usually expected to quickly process large numbers of forms.

The doomed were bused to killing centers in Germany and Austria walled-in fortresses, mostly former psychiatric hospitals, castles, and a former prison — at Hartheim, Sonnenstein, Grafeneck, Bernburg, Hadamar, and Brandenburg. In the beginning, patients were killed by lethal injection. But by 1940, Hitler, on the advice of Dr. Werner Heyde, suggested that carbon monoxide gas be used as the preferred method of killing. Experimental gassings had first been carried out at Brandenburg Prison in 1939. There, gas chambers were disguised as showers complete with fake nozzles in order to deceive victims — prototypes of the killing centers' facilities built in occupied Poland later in the war.

Again, following procedures that would later be instituted in the extermination camps, workers removed the corpses from the chambers, extracted gold teeth, then burned large numbers of bodies together in crematoria. Urns filled with ashes were prepared in the event the family of the deceased requested the remains. Physicians using fake names prepared death certificates falsifying the cause of death, and sent letters of condolences to relatives.

Meticulous records discovered after the war documented 70,273 deaths by gassing at the six "euthanasia" centers between January 1940 and August 1941. (This total included up to 5,000 Jews; all Jewish mental patients were killed regardless of their ability to work or the seriousness of their illness.) A detailed report also recorded the estimated savings from the killing of institutionalized patients."


http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/disabled.html

Given this much, how did Obama get the American Medical Association on board with his plan? Old fashioned carrot and stick. Medicare was set up to slash physician reimbursement--the stick. And the carrot was money, of course. Not that money is the only factor motivating this worthy organization of which I am a member. But money made the sale. Check this out: statement attributable to J. James Rohack, MD, President, American Medical Association.

“The AMA applauds Chairman Baucus and his colleagues for their hard work and important contribution toward our mutual objective of comprehensive health system reform. Expanding coverage through tax credits, insurance market reforms that protect patients if they get sick or lose their job, and offering more affordable choices through new health insurance exchanges will significantly improve our health care system.

“The AMA will continue to work with Chairman Baucus and his colleagues to strengthen this proposal. The AMA continues to call for permanent repeal of the current Medicare physician payment formula that threatens seniors’ access to care. The House has already recognized the importance of this action by including it in pending legislation.

Without permanent repeal of the current formula, physicians face cuts of 40 percent over the next few years that will erode access and choice for America's seniors. A recent AARP poll found that 90 percent of people 50 and over are concerned that the current Medicare physician payment formula threatens their access to care.

“After further review of the proposal, the AMA will continue ongoing discussions with Chairman Baucus and other Finance Committee members regarding policies of concern to physicians.”

###

Contact:
Katherine Hatwell
AMA Media Relations

202-789-7419
Follow AMA on Twitter and Facebook.


Bold face and highlighting are mine, not the speech writer's. .


Doctors are going to face uncomfortable change
in the coming years. I was in medical school when Medicare was enacted into law. It frightened a lot of practicing doctors. It turned out to be a great boon for seniors, for doctors taking care of them, and for our country. Sometimes change is for the better. Doctors should reread the book: "Who Moved My Cheese?"


Who Moved My Cheese? is the story of four characters living in a "Maze" who face unexpected change when they discover their "Cheese" has disappeared. Sniff and Scurry, who are mice, and Hem and Haw, little people the size of mice, each adapt to change in their "Maze" differently. In fact, one doesn't adapt at all...

This timeless allegory reveals profound truths to individuals and organizations dealing with change. We each live in a "Maze", a metaphor for the companies or organizations we work with, the communities we live in, the families we love places where we look for the things we want in life, "Cheese". It may be an enjoyable career, loving relationships, wealth, or spiritual peace of mind. With time and experience, one character eventually succeeds and even prospers from the change in his "Maze".In an effort to share what he has learned along the way, he records his personal discoveries on the maze walls, the "Handwriting on the Wall". Likewise, when we begin to see the "writing on the wall", we discover the simplicity and necessity of adapting to change.

Full of modern day insight, the story of Who Moved My Cheese? invites individuals and organizations to enjoy less stress and more success by learning to deal with the inevitable change.

Our doctors' organization is on board with some kind of change coming at us:


http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/399/hsr-testimony-15sept2009.pdf


Statement of the American Medical Association to the Democratic Steering and Policy Committee United States House of Representatives
Re: Urgent Need for Enacting Health System Reform
September 15, 2009

"The American Medical Association (AMA) appreciates the opportunity to testify on behalf of
our physician and medical student members before the House Democratic Steering and Policy
Committee regarding health system reform. We commend Speaker Pelosi and the chairmen of
the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, and Education and Labor for their
leadership in developing a framework to transform our nation’s health care system and in
successfully moving H.R. 3200 through committee mark-ups prior to the August recess.
With millions of Americans uninsured and millions more afraid of losing their health insurance,
the status quo is unacceptable. The AMA is committed to working with Congress, the
Administration, and other stakeholders to achieve enactment of health system reforms this year
that include the following seven critical elements:
• Provide affordable health insurance coverage for all Americans
• Enact insurance market reforms that expand choice of affordable coverage and eliminate
pre-existing conditions
• Assure that health care decisions are made by patients and their physicians, not by
insurance companies or government officials
• Provide investments and create incentives for quality improvement and prevention and
wellness initiatives
Repeal the Medicare physician payment formula that will trigger steep cuts and threaten
seniors’ access to care

• Implement medical liability reforms to reduce the cost of defensive medicine
• Streamline and standardize insurance claims processing requirements to eliminate
unnecessary costs and administrative burdens.

Repeal the Medicare Physician Payment Formula
The AMA greatly appreciates the House of Representatives’ recognition that the Medicare
physician payment formula, called the “sustainable growth rate” (SGR), is fatally flawed and
must be fixed to avoid steep cuts that threaten Medicare access to care and undermine broadbased
health reform efforts. Repealing the SGR is a critical element that must be included in any
health system reform legislation passed by Congress. We are pleased that the new target growth
rates proposed in the House legislation are not limited to GDP growth; however, we are
concerned that the new system could still lead to significant pay cuts in future years, and we urge
inclusion of design features that will preclude negative payment updates.
The physician and allied health community face over a 21 percent Medicare payment cut on
January 1, 2010, and further substantial cuts over the next several years. Physicians and allied
health professionals cannot absorb cuts of this magnitude nor continue to face the threat of cuts
each year. In addition, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has released data
showing that, even before the cuts, physicians are only being reimbursed for half of the labor,
supply, and equipment costs that go into each physician service, which further exacerbates the
7
effect of these payment cuts. Without Congressional action to repeal the SGR, Medicare seniors
and disabled patients stand to lose significant access to their physicians.
A stable, predictable payment system is needed to allow physicians to plan ahead for practice
innovations, investments, and personnel decisions that are fundamental to improved care
coordination, chronic disease management, and quality of care initiatives. It will also help
sustain the physician workforce, which policy makers acknowledge will experience severe
shortages in the near future, just as the baby boomer generation begins entering the Medicare
program."


Bold face and differential highlighting mine.


Well, we can trust our doctors
. They would not breach their oath of Hippocrates or of Maimonides, right? There is the doctor patient relationship, after all. Certainly there are the oaths and there is the doctor patient relationship. But a universal, government run system of Health Care does not pay attention to these things. I know doctors in Sweden, UK, Canada. I know doctors in the VA, in the US Navy, in the Bureau of Indian Affairs. You can and should trust your doctor to practice ethical and scientifically sound medicine. Formulating health care legislation is not in the skill set of most doctors. I would not trust the oaths and the doctor patient relationship to protect against unwanted policies. Our leadership is being advised by a prominent and respected academic doctor who took the oath and is a renowned bioethicist as well. But he does not accept the intrinsic sanctity and inviolability of human life. He values human life differentially. It's his viewpoint.


In its day, German medicine was what American medicine is today
: at the cutting edge of science, technology, and art. Our American medical schools were reformed by Dr. Abraham Flexner after his survey of all schools revealed widespread deficiencies. The German academic medical school model was adapted following that review and report (Carnegie Foundation Bulletin number four of 1910).

The Carnegie Foundation Bulletin 4, "Medical Education in the United States and Canada" (1910), commonly known as the Flexner Report, is widely credited with the reform and reconstruction of the entire medical school curriculum. The report was the result of a mandate by the American Medical Association to conduct a study of North American medical schools. The study was completed by Abraham Flexner, a former schoolmaster who had received his undergraduate degree from Johns Hopkins University. He chose the Johns Hopkins Medical School as the model program to which all others were compared. Flexner visited all 155 North American medical schools, spending only one-half hour at each collecting data. His report recommended a drastic decrease in the number of medical schools, affiliation with universities, and establishment of the scientific model in medical education. The original Flexner Report was part of a broad move of professional education from the private sector to the university. When this happened, professional education incorporated the values of the academy (scientific thinking, rigor, and analysis).

http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED480298&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED480298

And after whose "scientific thinking, rigor, and analysis" were the newly reformed American medical colleges modeled?
So we assume our doctors will protect us from abuses of any national medical system that does not value human life. Just as the doctors of Germany protected their patients during the Weimar years and during the National Socialist years. Right.


"I have no words. I thought we were human beings. We were living creatures. How could they do things like that?" - Auschwitz survivor.

It was in my own lifetime that many German doctors went From Healer to Killer:


There was a problem in the Fatherland
--"not just Doctor Joseph Mengele and the 23 other physicians tried at Nuremberg, either. Over 45% of German doctors joined the Nazi party. Physicians joined the Nazi party not only earlier, but in greater numbers than any other professional group - the same with the SS and the storm trooper units.[510] As a 1933 editorial from the National Socialist (Nazi) Physicians' League boasted, the Nazi movement was, "the most masculine movement to appear in centuries."

http://upalumni.org/medschool/appendices/appendix-47a.html. This is a Cornell University alumni organization. Above and below courtesy of them. Sources referenced in their web site.

The Noble Profession


"According to an article in JAMA, physicians were essential in running the death camps
. Indeed the first commandant of Treblinka was a physician. The euthanasia program, for example, was planned and administered by leading figures in the German medical community. Unlike in the Milgram study, physicians were never ordered to harm anybody. No euthanasia law was ever formally enacted by the Third Reich. No direct orders were given and refusal to cooperate didn't result in any legal or professional sanction. Rather, physicians were empowered to carry out "mercy killings," but never obligated to do so. They went about killing psychiatric patients, disabled children, etc., without protest, often on their own initiative. In some cases the inducement for physicians to name candidates for euthanasia was a financial reward. Quoting from an article published in JAMA, "In short, the medical profession served not only as an instrument of Nazi mass murder, but was involved in the ideological theorizing and in the planning, initiation, administration, and the operation of the killing programs."


If so civilized and cultured and scientifically advanced a society as Germany
prior to WWII could set about such heinous activities, we in America should be watchful. Pride goeth before the fall. We are proud of our liberal and enlightened society and its scientific basis. Well and good. Humility is the least prized of personal virtues, understood. But will prove to be the most valuable social virtue. We would do well to acquire some and watch what our leadership is doing.
Does the leadership consider human life sacred? Does our Bioethicist-in-chief, Ezechiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, consider all human lives sacred? Or does he believe, as did so many prominent academic doctors in the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich that followed it, that human life is valuable only in proportion to potential or actual productivity.
The difference between Emanuel and his boss Obama is that the former is not a politician, and so he speaks and writes his mind. The latter is too subtle to do that. As the sign says: Obama lies, Grandma dies. Don't believe me, its too important for you to know the truth. Read what Ezechiel J. Emanuel has written. Then try to discern what Obama is thinking.


But how is what happened an ocean away and generations ago relevant to Americans today
? Read the following, it's closer to home:


"In the first three decades of the 20th Century, American corporate philanthropy combined with prestigious academic fraud to create the pseudoscience eugenics that institutionalized race politics as national policy. The goal: create a superior, white, Nordic race and obliterate the viability of everyone else. How? By identifying so-called "defective" family trees and subjecting them to legislated segregation and sterilization programs. The victims: poor people, brown-haired white people, African Americans, immigrants, Indians, Eastern European Jews, the infirm and really anyone classified outside the superior genetic lines drawn up by American raceologists. The main culprits were the Carnegie Institution, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Harriman railroad fortune, in league with America's most respected scientists hailing from such prestigious universities as Harvard, Yale and Princeton, operating out of a complex at Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island. The eugenic network worked in tandem with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the State Department and numerous state governmental bodies and legislatures throughout the country, and even the U.S. Supreme Court. They were all bent on breeding a eugenically superior race, just as agronomists would breed better strains of corn. The plan was to wipe away the reproductive capability of the weak and inferior.

Ultimately, 60,000 Americans were coercively sterilized — legally and extra-legally. Many never discovered the truth until decades later. Those who actively supported eugenics include America's most progressive figures: Woodrow Wilson, Margaret Sanger and Oliver Wendell Holmes.

American eugenic crusades proliferated into a worldwide campaign, and in the 1920s came to the attention of Adolf Hitler. Under the Nazis, American eugenic principles were applied without restraint, careening out of control into the Reich's infamous genocide. During the pre-War years, American eugenicists openly supported Germany's program. The Rockefeller Foundation financed the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute and the work of its central racial scientists. Once WWII began, Nazi eugenics turned from mass sterilization and euthanasia to genocidal murder. One of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute doctors in the program financed by the Rockefeller Foundation was Josef Mengele who continued his research in Auschwitz, making daily eugenic reports on twins. After the world recoiled from Nazi atrocities, the American eugenics movement — its institutions and leading scientists — renamed and regrouped under the banner of an enlightened science called human genetics."

http://www.waragainsttheweak.com/


This is hard to believe and seems way over the top
. But even if this one is ten percent factual, it's scary. I for one am going to look into this some more.



How American corporate philanthropies launched a national campaign of ethnic cleansing in the United States, helped found and fund the Nazi eugenics of Hitler and Mengele — and then created the modern movement of "human genetics."

Here is mainstream media on the need to change.
We can always count on the fourth estate to keep our leadership under surveillance and thereby protect us. Right, especially these days. (When one has loved someone or some idea or some thing for a lifetime, change will be hard and slow in coming. The press is people, too. And they are almost to a person very liberal.) They are strongly against oppression of the weak, dishonesty in high places, phony morality, false piety, and unscientific, primitive, violent, barbaric behavior by individuals or nations.
Still, the press is people and these people are in love with Obama. Meanwhile, Kejserens nye Klæder. (Danish, read my post by this name, please. It's short.)


You Have No Idea What Health Costs.
If You Did, You Might Just Want Real Reform


By Ezra Klein
Washington Post Staff Writer
Sunday, September 20, 2009

"The most important health-care document released this week was not Sen. Max Baucus's Healthy Future Act. It was the Kaiser Family Foundation's 2009 Employer Benefits Survey.

While the proposal by Baucus, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, outlines a direction for policy, the survey, which polls employers about health benefits to assemble a detailed look at the actual cost of health care, fits it squarely in our pocketbooks.

The truth is we all pay, and much more than we recognize, for health care.

For many, it's among the largest investments we'll make, on par, even, with the money we spend on a house or tuck away for retirement. But while it's easy to track our stock portfolios as they tank along with the market, our outlay for health care is less obvious. Employers pay some, and so do individuals, and taxpayers. And some even hides behind the deficit. As such, few of us see the full picture. But to make sense of the proposals for reform, getting a grasp of the cost is critical.

The average health-care coverage for the average family now costs $13,375, according to Kaiser. Over the past decade, premiums have increased by 138 percent. And if the trend continues, by 2019 the average family plan will cost $30,083.

Three years of slightly above-average health insurance will cost a solid six figures.

Those are numbers to marvel at. Those are numbers to fear. But they are not the numbers that loom in the minds of most Americans. And therein lies the problem for health-care reform.

About 160 million Americans receive health coverage through their employers. In general, the employer picks up 73 percent of the tab. This seems like a good deal. In reality, that money comes out of wages.

As Ezekiel Emanuel, who advises Office of Management and Budget Director Peter Orszag on health-care policy, has pointed out, health-care premiums have risen by 300 percent over the past 30 years (and that's after adjusting for inflation). Corporate profit per employee has soared by 200 percent. Hourly earnings for workers, adjusted for inflation, have fallen. The wage increases have been consumed by health-care costs.

Another 80 million Americans are on public plans, mainly Medicare and Medicaid. Those costs are paid by taxpayers. And about 46 million Americans are uninsured. The costs for their care are shifted to the insured: This raises premiums for the average family by $1,100 each year, according to an analysis by Ben Furnas and Peter Harbage of the Center for American Progress."

I for one do not count on the Fourth Estate to protect us from evil. Or at least, not this time. As pointed out above, the First Estate waffled when the going got hard. The Second Estate is never to be trusted: politicians are about power over people. They begin in high school. You remember them when they were embryonic pols. In America politicians wield power. The president wields immense power. If he does not hold human life sacred, many Americans' lives will be in jeopardy--for the fact that they were not worthy of our love and support, for the fact that they became economic burdens for society, for the fact that they were inconvenient truths.


So who will protect the weak and vulnerable
? Well, the first thing to realize is that we will all be in that number sooner or later. At which point we will be the ones looking for help. Help is ideally based upon an abiding belief in the dignity and sanctity of human life, indeed of all life. If I am correct that such a belief is under siege, and that the weak and vulnerable are in jeopardy, it will not be the Fourth Estate who stands between us and the active or passive mercy killers of our new world order. That's too bad as they have always been a bulwark for freedom, truth, and justice in our democracy.

The First Estate waffled in the mid 20C and will again, I am afraid.

The Second estate is looking more like the problem in this case than the solution.

So who is left--the Third Estate, you guessed it. Who holds the ultimate power in America? The Third Estate, that's who. (And what in the world is the basis of all this "estate" talk, you ask. The 1789 Estates General called by the king of France is where this terminology originates. In that great convocation Louis XVI convened the bishops, the nobles, and representatives of the people of France. These were the first, second, and third estates of France.)


We the people must exercise our legitimate rights. The Constitution of These United States spells out who holds ultimate power in America, and it is we the people. Obama and the rest of the Chicago thugs might wield the power, but when push comes to shove, we own it. Until our Constitution gets a rewrite, of course. Hold on tight; we are in for quite a ride. Sapienti sat . . .

Wednesday, September 23, 2009

AS ABOVE, SO BELOW.

A member of the Local Group of galaxies, irregular galaxy Sextans A is 10 million light years distant. The bright Milky Way foreground stars appear yellowish in this view. Beyond them lie the stars of Sextans A with young blue star clusters clearly visible. Courtesy of Google, from whom all (modern) blessings flow.



Author Dan Brown's latest blockbuster,
The Lost Symbol, deals with coded messages, ancient knowledge, noetic science, and the Masonic Order--a more or less coherent plot. This plot is no less plausible than his other plots, and will no doubt push the total number of books sold past the 100,000,000 mark. It will make a very good Ron Howard movie with actors who by now are a reperatory company. A phrase that recurs in the book "as above, so below." My "as above, so below" will look at some odd symmetries between the stars above us, and the tiny, points of light inside us. I will look for symmetry between outer space and inner space (that inner space within which our selves live--the three dimensional neocortex of our brain). Were the neocortex (NCX) flattened, it would have the length and width of an ordinary linen table napkin, but be several times thicker. Within this rather small volume of tissue, convoluted and overlaid upon the other brain structures, our conscious self flits among the neurons and their many synaptic connections. First the heavens above:

There are an estimated 100,000,000,000 stars in the Milky Way galaxy, which is our home town galaxy in this Universe. There are lots of galaxies in the Universe and many are grouped together. Our group is called, prosaically, the Local Group. It is made up of the Messier catalogued objects M31 (Andromeda), M32 and M110 (satellite structures of Andromeda), and M33 (Triangulum). The Local Group's diameter is 10,000,000 light years, meaning that light will take ten million years to travel from one edge to the other. So, unless we can make holes in space/time or find existing holes, a person would take more than ten million years to travel from one edge to the other. Why would anyone want to do that? Well our Milky Way galaxy is part of the Local Group, so a Local Group Confederation warship will need that capability some day. For sure. The dominant members of the LG are Andromeda and Milky Way. Hubble's The Realm of the Nebulae explains what went into studying and characterizing the LG. (I wish the candy bar named Milky Way had never been invented because saying "Hi, I'm from the Milky Way" is going to sound so dorky. And, to make things worse yet, the American Milky Way bar is other countries' Mars bar, and other countries' Milky Way is basically our 3 Musketeers' Bar. At any rate, it's too late, the damage has been done. Thank you, Mars Candy Company for undermining our galactic dignitas.)


Map of the Local Group whose weighted center is between Andromeda and the Milky Way.


http://www.google.com/imgres



How many galaxies are there in our Universe? The computer modeling involved in answering this question is difficult even though the physics is straightforward Newton. Below is a windy explanation why astrophysicists need better, more expensive, and (architecturally) dedicated machines to answer the question:


"The basic reason why the investigation of the dynamical evolution of galaxy clusters (as well as the evolution of single galaxies, or even globular clusters) is so computer intensive actually is due to a fundamental mathematical property of the equations that determine this evolution. The gravitational attraction between all objects is described by Newton's Laws, which you are probably familiar with. One law states that the gravitational force between two objects is a constant multiplied by the product of the two masses, divided by the distance separating the objects squared. In most of the solar system examples we are presented with on a 'day to day' level, the system can be described as two bodies. For each of the planets, we can treat their orbital evolution largely as if they were a single object in orbit about the Sun (the other planets produce only minor perturbations to this simple two-body orbit). Likewise, the Moon's orbit about the Earth can be treated largely as a two-body problem, since the distance between the Earth and Moon is much smaller than that between the Earth-Moon system and the Sun. Mathematically, the two-body problem is one that we refer to as 'integrable'. What this means is that it is possible to write down the solution to the equations of motion in closed form. Then for any set of initial conditions, we can use this closed form solution to determine the positions and velocities of the two bodies for all time.


When even one more body is added to the mix, the problem becomes 'non-integrable'. This has two important consequences. The first is the equations that determine the evolution are no longer in closed form. The second is that the system can now have parameter ranges for which the evolution is extremely sensitive to the initial conditions of the system. Very small changes in the initial conditions (positions and velocities) can lead to drastically different evolutions. Putting these two consequences together, you can probably see now why one needs a lot of computer power: galaxy clusters are comprised of numerous objects (galaxies) which are themselves made up of individual stars, interacting with each other. There are clever ways to make the calculation of the cluster evolution less computationally intensive, such as concentrating only on the interactions of nearest neighbor stars, and treating the contribution from the numerous more distant stars as a smooth gravitational potential. You still need to have a lot of computer power to do this. The sensitivity to initial conditions means that researchers often try a very large number of initial conditions so they can get an idea of the statistical behavior of the interactions.
To answer your specific questions: the need for teraflop or faster computers to do these calculations is not recent. However, the development of special purpose computers (that are hard wired to do nothing but the cluster evolution calculation) and novel ways of networking computers to achieve greater speeds, are currently very active areas of computational astrophysics research. The sophistication of the cluster evolution models is constantly growing. None of these calculations are aimed at trying to determine if our cluster is the center of the Universe. One of the fundamental assumptions of modern
cosmology is that no single location in the Universe is special, and that there is no meaning to the concept 'the center of the Universe.' However, the average observer in any location in the Universe would observe galaxies to be receding from her position, and so might erroneously suppose herself to be at the center of the Universe. In any case, the dynamical evolution of the cluster is a local phenomenon, not connected to the overall expansion of the Universe."


A student asked the "how many galaxies" question:

"A recent German super-computer simulation estimates that the number may be as high as 500 billion! Can someone please clarify the accepted educated ballpark figure? Thanks a billion!"

The student got a better answer, at least in terms of getting a number for an answer.

"The methods used to achieve such number varies, and therefore, the results would vary, too. Also, as new and improved technology becomes available, astronomers can detect fainter objects that were not seen before. These objects that have come into view will in turn change the estimated number of galaxies.
For example, in 1999 the Hubble Space Telescope estimated that there were 125 billion galaxies in the universe, and recently with the new camera HST has observed 3,000
visible galaxies, which is twice as much as they observed before with the old camera. We're emphasizing "visible" because observations with radio telescopes, infrared cameras, x-ray cameras, etc. would detect other galaxies that are not detected by Hubble. As observations keep on going and astronomers explore more of our universe, the number of galaxies detected will increase."

We need a politician who sits on some federal budget committee to give us the big number. Take the number from ten years ago, improve the Hubble Space Telescope so that the number doubles, add the other galaxies that a telescope seeing only within the visible spectrum will not see (those galaxies detectable by radio wave emissions, x-ray emissions, infrared emissions, and those whose emissions no telescope yet built sees), and what do we get for a number? I say 1,000,000,000,000 galaxies exist in our Universe.


What are the periodic movements of the earth and the heavenly bodies? Where is the center of the Universe? How fast are things moving, and in relationship to what? (This was to Einstein what the apple was to Newton.)


Explanation: Our Earth is not at rest. The Earth moves around the Sun. The Sun orbits the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy orbits in the Local Group. The Local Group falls toward the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. But these speeds are less than the speed that all of these objects together move relative to the microwave background.




COBE Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe Credit: NASA, COBE, DMR, Four-Year Sky Map



In the above all-sky map, radiation in the Earth's direction of motion appears blueshifted and hence hotter, while radiation on the opposite side of the sky is redshifted and colder. The map indicates that the Local Group moves at about 600 kilometers per second relative to this primordial radiation.>This high speed was initially unexpected and its magnitude is still unexplained. Why are we moving so fast? What is out there? Are we being pushed or pulled?


The Sun orbits the center of the Milky Way at about 250 km/second and it takes about 220 million years to complete an orbit.


So our earth spins, wobbles, bobs and weaves around the sun which rotates like a gas planet--on its axis but differentially faster at its equator (27 days) than at its poles (31 days), and which moves side to side within the Orion arm of the Milky Way pinwheel**, while the entire pinwheel of our spiral galaxy rotates, and in turn dances with Andromeda, the Magellanic clouds big and small, and the thirty dwarfs in the Local Group reel. There is no center to the Universe, so we must assume there is no rotation of the entirety. But one does wonder . . .


**We are nearing the mid plane of the galaxy and will be at the midpoint 12.21.2012, 11:11 AM GMT at which point the Mayan Age of the Jaguar, the Fifth Age of Man will end.


The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has an educational site. Above and below courtesy of them: http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/021127a.html.




Known to Al-Sufi about AD 905. Messier 31 (M31, NGC 224) is the famous Andromeda galaxy, our nearest large neighbor galaxy, forming the Local Group of galaxies together with its companions (including M32 and M110, two bright dwarf elliptical galaxies), our Milky Way and its companions, M33, and others.
Visible to the naked eye even under moderate conditions, this object was known as the "little cloud" to the Persian astronomer
Abd-al-Rahman Al-Sufi, who described and depicted it in 964 AD in his Book of Fixed Stars: It must have been observed by and commonly known to Persian astronomers at Isfahan as early as 905 AD.





The magnificent M81 spiral galaxy takes center stage in this ultraviolet image from NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer. Young stars appear as wisps of bluish-white swirling around a central golden glow, which comes from a group of much older stars. The large fluffy bluish-white material to the left of M81 is a neighboring galaxy called Homberg IX. This galaxy is practically invisible to the naked human eye. However, when viewed in ultraviolet light, a region that is actively forming young stars is revealed. Image and caption by NASA.

So, in accordance with the theme of this post, as above, so below: we found the number of stars in our Milky Way galaxy to be 100,000,000,000.


And we found by my estimate, all inclusive and psychically derived, the grand total number of galaxies in our Universe to be 1,000,000,000,000.


The Universe has no center. It composed is dynamic matter/energy, expanding from an initial singularity.


Then we have inner space: that organ lying within the bounds of the cranial vault, weighing 1400 grams, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, organized in a number of ways, and home to the NCX within which our conscious self lives--there in the dark, with thermostatically controlled temperature, a guaranteed minimum concentration of glucose supplied in the generous blood flow accorded this most vital of organs. The NCX has no center, expanded from an initial cell that differentiated into ectoderm and made the primitive neural tube then the brain and finally, in a kind of ontogenic recapitulation of phylogeny, the human embryo's head end develops frontal bossing and the "newest thing in brain evolution," the neocortex expands. Hence the human propensity for big headed babies and ceaserian sections.


Romanes's 1892 copy of Ernst Haeckel's controversial embryo drawings (this version of the figure is often attributed incorrectly to Haeckel).



There are 100,000,000,000 neurons in the human brain. These neurons have a staggering 100,000,000,000,000 synaptic connections among themselves. Even the General Accounting Office can't cope with this many of anything. This is more connectivity in a single human brain than galaxies in a hundred Universes! If that doesn't blow you away, nothing will. One hundred trillion synaptic connections.





This is the central nervous system of the human, dissected free of the cranium and spine within which it is lodged. It floats in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Its delicate and complex structures are protected from trauma by sturdy mineralized bone tissue and the effect of floatation in CSF.



The big cell above the two arrows is the neuron. (The arrows point to inclusions in the cell.)



The human brain consists of about 100 billion (1011) neurons, which altogether form about 100 trillion (1014) synaptic connections with each other. A crucial mechanism for the generation of this complex wiring pattern is the formation of neuronal branches. The neurobiologists Dr. Hannes Schmidt and Professor Fritz G. Rathjen at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch, Germany, have now discovered a molecule that regulates this vital process. At the same time they have succeeded in elucidating the signaling cascade induced by this molecule (PNAS, Early Edition, 2009, doi:10.1073)*.

http://www.mdc-berlin.de/en/news/2009/20090921-mdc_researchers_discover_molecule_responsi/index.html


There are as many neurons in our brain as there are stars in the Milky Way galaxy. Each tiny gray blob of jello is connected to many others. There is no central processing unit in the brain. The entire volume of the neocortex is organized in layers or hierarchies. But even with a microscope all parts of the neocortex look the same. It is undifferentiated in that way. Lose the visual cortex early on and that part of the neocortex might be allocated to another neural task. Like the Universe, the neocortex, or inner space within which our conscious self resides, has no center.


There are one hundred times many more synaptic connections in our brain than there are galaxies in our universe.

There is no center, or central processing unit in our neocortex.

Inner space functions electrochemically, the neurons and their synaptic connections are matter/energy.

The brain began with a single differentiated cell and expanded from this singularity to become all of our inner space.

Neurons are created continually just as neurons die continually, and here inner space is like outer space where stars are birthed and stars die in a great cycle of life and death.

So there you have it, Dan Brown's "as above, so below," so to speak. We do have an unexpected symmetries between outer space and inner space, as above.


Let's take a tour of inner space photographs, as we did with outer space.

Schematic representation of a sensory neuron. When the axon of the sensory neuron grows into the gray matter of the spinal cord, two types of branching can be observed: At the dorsal root entry zone the axon shaft divides into two branches (1), which continue to grow on the surface of the spinal cord in opposite directions. Out of these branches collaterals then sprout in several places (2) thus enabling the transmission of a signal to several target cells. (Drawing: Hannes Schmidt / Copyright: MDC).



The blue color shows the dispersion area of CNP in a mouse embryo twelve and a half days after fertilization. Through alterations via genetic engineering the original gene for CNP was replaced by the lacZ gene in the depicted mouse. In a color reaction the expression of CNP in the tissue can thus be made visible. (Photo: Hannes Schmidt / Copyright: MD


Dorsal view of the spinal cord with single visible sensory neurons A) Wild-type with bifurcations marked by arrows and B) CNP knock-out mouse. (Photo: Hannes Schmidt / Copyright: MDC).

The above pictures from an experiment tracking the process of synapse formation. Lastly, let's look at brain/body size. We humans like to think our inner space is a lot more spacious than that of the lower creatures. Size matters whether in galaxies or in neocortices.


The human weighs 62,000 grams and her brain weighs 1,400 grams. The baboon weighs 30,000 grams and its brain weighs 140 grams.










My wife thinks I should not leave this post as it is, too cold out there. So I leave you with some Celtic wisdom, courtesy of the Bard of Connemara, author of Anam Cara and To Bless the Space Between Us, A Book of Blessings; John O'Donohue, a man from whom many blessings flow.

The Umbra Nihili

"In a vast universe that often seems sinister and unaware of us, we need the presence and shelter of love to transfigure our loneliness. This cosmic loneliness is the root of all inner loneliness. All of our life, everything we do, think, and feel is surrounded by nothingness. Hence we become afraid so easily. The fourteenth-century mystic Meister Eckhart says that all of human life stands under the shadow of nothingness, the umbra nihili. Nevertheless, love is the sister of the soul. Love is the deepest language and presence of soul. In and through the warmth and creativity of love, the soul shelters us from the bleakness of that nothingness. We cannot fill up our emptiness with objects, possessions, or people. We have to go deeper into that emptiness; then we will find beneath nothingness the flame of love waiting to warm us."

Anam Cara, pp. 11 and 12, John O'Donohue; ISBN 978-0-06-092943-5, Cliff Street Books/Harper Collins Publishers.

Monday, September 21, 2009

HOW HAPPY IS MAN MEANT TO BE?

Blue Is the New Black
MAUREEN DOWD
Published: September 19, 2009
WASHINGTON


Maureen Dowd:

Women are getting unhappier, I told my friend Carl.

“How can you tell?” he deadpanned. “It’s always been whine-whine-whine.”

Why are we sadder? I persisted.

“Because you care,” he replied with a mock sneer. “You have feelings.”

Oh, that.


I feel compassion for Maureen Dowd, but then I feel sorry for squashed pill bugs. All life is sacred in my book--it's my philosophy. (If you want a wordier version, try this: "By having a reverence for life, we enter into a spiritual relation with the world. By practicing reverence for life we become good, deep, and alive." Albert Schweitzer) My father's philosophy was pithy like mine "How happy is man meant to be?" Born in 1908, he was understandably old school. He would be surprised to read, courtesy of Ms. Dowd, that men are getting happier. As for the matter of women getting unhappier, there is the old joke that the recipient of an award tells following a glowing introduction "my father would have enjoyed it and my mother would have believed it." I think Ms. Dowd is unhappy all right, and I believe I know why. She is meaner than a seasoned CIA interrogator whose Redskins have just lost a squeaker. Hers is not sorrow, it is karma.

That accounts for Ms. Dowd, a singular woman so to speak, but what about all the other unhappy women, in the plural? Well, something is going on here:


According to the General Social Survey, which has tracked Americans’ mood since 1972, and five other major studies around the world, women are getting gloomier and men are getting happier.

Before the ’70s, there was a gender gap in America in which women felt greater well-being. Now there’s a gender gap in which men feel better about their lives.


The information above and below thanks to Ms. Dowd's Sunday NY Times column.

Marcus Buckingham, a former Gallup researcher who has a new book out called “Find Your Strongest Life: What the Happiest and Most Successful Women Do Differently,” says that men and women passed each other midpoint on the graph of life.

“Though women begin their lives more fulfilled than men, as they age, they gradually become less happy,” Buckingham writes in his new blog on The Huffington Post, pointing out that this darker view covers feelings about marriage, money and material goods. “Men, in contrast, get happier as they get older.”

Buckingham and other experts dispute the idea that the variance in happiness is caused by women carrying a bigger burden of work at home, the “second shift.” They say that while women still do more cooking, cleaning and child-caring, the trend lines are moving toward more parity, which should make them less stressed.

When women stepped into male- dominated realms, they put more demands — and stress — on themselves. If they once judged themselves on looks, kids, hubbies, gardens and dinner parties, now they judge themselves on looks, kids, hubbies, gardens, dinner parties — and grad school, work, office deadlines and meshing a two-career marriage.

“Choice is inherently stressful,” Buckingham said in an interview. “And women are being driven to distraction.”

One area of extreme distraction is kids. “Across the happiness data, the one thing in life that will make you less happy is having children,” said Betsey Stevenson, an assistant professor at Wharton who co-wrote a paper called “The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness.” “It’s true whether you’re wealthy or poor, if you have kids late or kids early. Yet I know very few people who would tell me they wish they hadn’t had kids or who would tell me they feel their kids were the destroyer of their happiness.”

The more important things that are crowded into their lives, the less attention women are able to give to each thing.

Add this to the fact that women are hormonally more complicated and biologically more vulnerable. Women are much harder on themselves than men.

They tend to attach to other people more strongly, beat themselves up more when they lose attachments, take things more personally at work and pop far more antidepressants.

“Women have lives that become increasingly empty,” Buckingham said. “They’re doing more and feeling less.”

Another daunting thing: America is more youth and looks obsessed than ever, with an array of expensive cosmetic procedures that allow women to be their own Frankenstein Barbies.

Men can age in an attractive way while women are expected to replicate — and Restylane — their 20s into their 60s.

Buckingham says that greater prosperity has made men happier. And they are also relieved of bearing sole responsibility for their family finances, and no longer have the pressure of having women totally dependent on them.

Men also tend to fare better romantically as time wears on. There are more widows than widowers, and men have an easier time getting younger mates.

Stevenson looks on the bright side of the dark trend, suggesting that happiness is beside the point. We’re happy to have our new found abundance of choices, she said, even if those choices end up making us unhappier.

A paradox, indeed.

Lo and behold, "happiness is beside the point" sounds a lot like my late father's philosophy to me. I should see if the birthday/date of death are synchronized--I may have located a reincarnated parent courtesy of Maureen Dowd. I might have to change my attitude toward Ms. Dowd. At a minimum I might have to renew my subscription to the Sunday NY Times. Mentioning the Times is inviting all kinds of trouble into your day. Here is another lead c/o Ms. Dowd's Sunday column:

As Arianna Huffington points out in a blog post headlined “The Sad, Shocking Truth About How Women Are Feeling”: “It doesn’t matter what their marital status is, how much money they make, whether or not they have children, their ethnic background, or the country they live in. Women around the world are in a funk.”




The human central nervous system: brain and spinal cord. We live here. We flit about among the 100,000,000,000, neurons whose synaptic connections number 100,000,000,000,000.





But enough wallowing in opinion, let's see what hard science tells us about all this. After all, the chemical neurotransmitter of happiness, a sort of blue bird of happiness in the intracranial world, is well known and under study in many centers. A whole field of pharmacology endeavors to manipulate this hormone which cannot be taken by mouth to any good effect. The brain, a kind of pharmaceutical factory in its own right, makes the hormone on site. And while we can slow the loss of the substance from the brain, we lack the means to infuse it into the brain. This neurotransmitter is serotonin. Drugs like Prozac (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SSRI) work to slow the loss of the substance from the brain. What happens if all the serotonin is lost and no more is made? Here is a study from Berlin:


"A lack of serotonin, commonly known as the "happiness hormone", in the brain slows the growth of mice after birth and is responsible for impaired maternal behavior later in life. This was the result of research conducted by Dr. Natalia Alenina, Dana Kikic, and Professor Michael Bader of the Max Delbrück Center (MDC) Berlin-Buch, Germany. They also discovered that the presence of serotonin in the brain is not crucial for the survival of the animals. Furthermore, they were able to confirm that there are two strictly separate pathways of serotonin production: One gene is responsible for the formation of serotonin in the brain, another gene for the production of the hormone in the body (PNAS)*.
The researchers "switched off" the gene Tph2 in mice to elucidate the function of the gene in the brain. Tph2 produces the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), which is responsible for the formation of serotonin.

After the researchers switched off Tph2, the animals produced almost no serotonin in the brain. Nevertheless, the animals were viable and half of them survived until adulthood. However, they needed more sleep during the day and the regulation of their respiration, body temperature, and blood pressure was altered.

The female mice were able to give birth and produced enough milk to feed their pups, but their impaired maternal behavior led to poor survival of the offspring.

The Tph2 gene was discovered by MDC researchers several years ago together with researchers of the Free University (FU) Berlin and Humboldt University Berlin (HUB)."


Informationsdienst Wissenschaft: http://idw-online.de/pages/en/news322087.

Press release
Lack of "Happiness Hormone" Serotonin in the Brain Causes Impaired Maternal Behavior in Mice
Barbara Bachtler, Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit
Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC) Berlin-Buch

06/23/2009 12:03


Science will no doubt elucidate the pathways, products, and effects of impaired production and so forth and so on. But is happiness a product of brain chemistry? And if yes, is brain chemistry the only factor to consider? There are a lot of problems associated with the SSRI drugs, as well as with older drugs aiming also at "anti depression." Are there ways beside drug therapy to enhance serotonin production, or retard its loss from the brain? Where does the Dalai Lama fit into all this? How happy is man meant to be?